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| The Expression and Clinical Significance of AAT NLRP3 and Gal3 in the Serum of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis |
| WANG Yumei, WANG Shengjun, LI Guosheng |
| Qinhuangdao Hospital, Peking University Third Hospital, Hebei Qinhuangdao 066000, China |
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Abstract Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of α-antitrypsin (AAT), nucleotide oligomerization domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in the serum of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: A total of 152 AR patients admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to March 2023 were included as the study group. They were grouped into mild group and moderate to severe group based on the severity of disease. Additionally, 152 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were selected as the control group. ELISA was applied to detect the levels of AAT, NLRP3, Gal3, interferon gamma (INF-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL). Flow cytometry was used to detect type I T helper cells (Th1) and type II T helper cells (Th2). Pearson and Spearman correlations were applied to analyze the correlation between serum AAT, NLRP3, and Gal3 with Th1, Th2 and their cytokines, SFAR, and VAS scores. The influencing factors of moderate to severe AR patients were analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression. ROC curve was plotted to analyze the diagnostic value of serum AAT, NLRP3, and Gal3 in patients with moderate to severe AR. Results: The serum levels of AAT, NLRP3 and Gal3, Th2 and IL-4 in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the levels of Th1, Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum AAT, NLRP3 and Gal3 levels, Th2, IL-4, SFAR and VAS scores in the moderate to severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group, and the differences in Th1, Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ were significantly lower than those in the mild group (P<0.05). According to Pearson correlation, serum AAT, NLRP3, and Gal3 were all associated with Th1, Th2, Th1/Th2, IFN-γ, and IL-4 (P<0.05). According to Spearman correlation, serum AAT, NLRP3, and Gal3 were all related to SFAR and VAS scores (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AAT, NLRP3, Gal3, Th2, and IL-4 were risk factors affecting patients with moderate to severe AR (P<0.05), while Th1, Th1/Th2, and IFN-γ were protective factors (P<0.05). According to the ROC curve, the AUC of serum AAT, NLRP3, and Gal3 in diagnosing moderate to severe AR patients was 0.825, 0.842, and 0.828, respectively, the AUC of the three combination in diagnosing moderate to severe AR patients was 0.943, and their combined diagnosis was superior to their individual diagnoses (Z=2.689, Z=2.702, Z=2.712, all P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of AAT, NLRP3, and Gal3 in the serum of AR patients are all elevated, which are related to the severity of the disease. Combined detection can effectively improve the diagnostic value for moderate to severe AR.
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2025, Vol. 31 
